Used in the production of bismuth metal and its compounds, particularly in metallurgical processes where bismuth is recovered from ores or recycled materials. Acts as an intermediate in chemical synthesis for catalysts and specialty bismuth-based materials. Finds limited use in certain pharmaceutical formulations due to the low solubility and mild nature of bismuth compounds, contributing to gastrointestinal treatments in some traditional preparations. Also explored in environmental applications for removing sulfide contaminants from industrial streams. Its thermal stability makes it suitable for use in high-temperature chemical processes.