Sodium citrate buffer is widely used in biological and biochemical applications to maintain a stable pH environment. It is commonly employed in electrophoresis, particularly in agarose gel electrophoresis for DNA separation, where it helps conduct current while stabilizing pH. Due to its mild buffering capacity in the acidic to neutral range, it is also used in sample preparation for microscopy and in cellular staining procedures to preserve tissue morphology. In medicine, sodium citrate buffer acts as an anticoagulant in blood collection tubes by binding calcium ions, preventing clotting during diagnostic testing. It is also utilized in pharmaceutical formulations to adjust and maintain pH, enhancing drug stability and solubility. Additionally, it finds use in food and beverage industries as a buffering and chelating agent to control acidity and improve shelf life.