Used to maintain a stable pH environment in biochemical and analytical applications. Commonly applied in enzymatic reactions, protein purification, and chromatography to ensure optimal activity and stability of biological molecules. Frequently used in molecular biology for DNA and RNA extraction, as well as in electrophoresis. Also serves as a mobile phase additive in HPLC and other analytical techniques where pH control is critical. Suitable for use in pharmaceutical formulations and quality control testing due to its buffering capacity in the acidic pH range.