Used in biochemical and analytical applications to maintain a stable pH environment, particularly in the range of 4.5 to 6.0. Commonly employed in chromatography, electrophoresis, and extraction procedures where consistent acidity is critical. Frequently utilized in DNA and protein purification workflows due to its compatibility with biological molecules. Also serves as a mobile phase additive in HPLC and LC-MS to enhance separation and improve peak resolution. Its low reactivity and volatility make it suitable for sensitive detection methods.