Used in biochemical and analytical applications to maintain a stable pH environment, particularly in the range of 4.5 to 6.0. Commonly employed in chromatography, electrophoresis, and sample preparation for HPLC and mass spectrometry due to its volatility and compatibility with detection methods. Frequently used in DNA and protein extraction protocols, as well as in enzymatic reactions where pH control is critical. Also applied in the pharmaceutical industry for buffer preparation in drug formulation and quality control testing.