Used in biochemical and molecular biology laboratories to maintain a stable pH environment during experiments, especially in processes like electrophoresis and chromatography. Its buffering capacity around pH 4.5–5.5 makes it ideal for preserving the structure and function of proteins and nucleic acids. Commonly applied in DNA extraction, enzyme assays, and sample preparation for mass spectrometry due to its compatibility with biological systems and volatility, which allows easy removal after analysis.