Used in biochemical and analytical applications to maintain a stable pH environment, particularly in the range of 4.5 to 6.0. Commonly employed in chromatography, electrophoresis, and enzyme assays where consistent pH is critical for accurate results. Frequently utilized in DNA and protein purification processes due to its compatibility with biological molecules. Also serves as a mobile phase additive in HPLC and LC-MS to enhance separation efficiency and improve peak resolution. Its low reactivity and volatility make it suitable for mass spectrometry applications.