Tris-HCl is widely used as a buffering agent in biochemical and molecular biology experiments. It maintains a stable pH environment, typically in the range of 7.0 to 9.0, making it suitable for processes such as DNA and protein electrophoresis, enzyme assays, and cell lysis. It is a key component in many running buffers, including TAE and TBE, used during agarose gel electrophoresis. Tris-HCl buffers are also used in chromatography, protein purification, and in the preparation of solutions for cell culture and immunological techniques. Its low reactivity with biological molecules and minimal interference with biochemical reactions make it a preferred choice in many laboratory applications.