Carbonate buffer is widely used in biochemical and molecular biology laboratories to maintain a stable pH environment, particularly in cell culture and enzyme assays. It is essential in processes like electrophoresis, where it helps to stabilize the pH of the buffer solution, ensuring accurate separation of proteins or nucleic acids. In clinical diagnostics, carbonate buffer is employed in immunoassays and blood gas analysis to maintain physiological pH levels. It is also utilized in environmental testing to simulate natural water conditions and study the effects of pH on aquatic systems. Additionally, carbonate buffer plays a role in pharmaceutical formulations, where it acts as a buffering agent to maintain the stability and efficacy of drugs. Its ability to resist pH changes makes it a valuable tool in various scientific and industrial applications.