Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) is widely used in biological and biochemical research as a buffer solution. Its primary application is in cell culture, where it helps maintain a stable pH environment, crucial for the survival and growth of cells. PBS is also used to dilute substances and wash cells to remove contaminants or residual media without causing osmotic shock. In immunology, it serves as a diluent for antibodies and other proteins in assays like ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, PBS is employed in molecular biology techniques, including DNA and RNA extraction, where it helps in the preparation and purification of nucleic acids. Its isotonic and non-toxic properties make it suitable for use in medical procedures, such as rinsing wounds or as a component in intravenous therapies.