Tris-HCl buffer is widely used in biochemical and molecular biology laboratories to maintain a stable pH environment, typically in the range of 7.0 to 9.0. It is commonly employed in electrophoresis, especially in SDS-PAGE and agarose gel systems, where consistent pH is critical for protein and nucleic acid separation. It is also a key component in cell lysis buffers, dilution buffers, and during enzyme assays, where pH stability ensures optimal enzyme activity. Due to its low toxicity and good solubility, Tris-HCl is preferred in many biological applications involving DNA, RNA, and proteins. Additionally, it is used in chromatography and in the preparation of solutions for nucleic acid storage and hybridization.