Calcium is widely used in industrial applications, particularly in the production of alloys. It is added to aluminum, copper, lead, and magnesium alloys to improve their strength and high-temperature stability. In steelmaking, calcium is used as a deoxidizer and desulfurizer, helping to remove impurities and enhance the quality and workability of the metal. It also plays a role in the production of cement and concrete, where it contributes to the setting and hardening processes. Calcium compounds are used in water treatment to adjust pH and reduce acidity, helping to prevent pipe corrosion and improve water quality. In the chemical industry, calcium serves as a reducing agent in the extraction of other metals such as uranium and thorium. It is also used as a getter in vacuum tubes to remove trace gases. In agriculture, calcium amendments improve soil structure and neutralize acidity, supporting healthier plant growth. It is essential for cell wall structure in plants, helping to prevent issues like blossom-end rot in tomatoes and peppers. Calcium is vital in biological systems as a signaling molecule and is a key component in bones and teeth. As a dietary supplement, it supports bone health and helps prevent osteoporosis. It is also used in pharmaceuticals and food fortification to address calcium deficiencies.