Calcium citrate is widely used as a dietary supplement to prevent or treat calcium deficiency. It is commonly recommended for individuals at risk of osteoporosis, especially postmenopausal women and older adults, due to its role in supporting bone health. Compared to other calcium salts, calcium citrate is more easily absorbed in the body, particularly in people with low stomach acid, making it suitable for those on acid-reducing medications or with digestive issues.

It is also used in fortified foods and beverages to increase calcium content. In some medical treatments, calcium citrate helps manage conditions like hypocalcemia and may support kidney health in patients with chronic kidney disease by acting as a phosphate binder when taken with meals.

Additionally, calcium citrate finds use in pharmaceutical formulations and over-the-counter antacids due to its mild action and good solubility.