Used in molecular recognition and sensing due to its unique cup-shaped structure, enabling selective binding of ions and small molecules. Widely applied in sensor development for detecting metal ions and organic pollutants. Employed in drug delivery systems to improve solubility and stability of therapeutic agents. Utilized in separation technologies for selective extraction of specific ions or compounds from complex mixtures. Also explored in catalysis as a supramolecular scaffold for positioning catalytic groups with precision, and in environmental remediation for absorbing toxins or heavy metals.