Methylenetanshinquinone is primarily studied for its potential anticancer properties. It has shown activity in inhibiting the growth of various cancer cell lines by inducing apoptosis and blocking cell cycle progression. Research indicates it may target signaling pathways involved in tumor development, such as the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Additionally, it exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, which may contribute to its therapeutic potential in chronic diseases. Due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, it is also being explored for neuroprotective applications in neurodegenerative conditions. Most studies remain in preclinical stages, focusing on in vitro and animal models.