Used in electronics for conductive coatings and transparent electrodes in displays and touchscreens. Applied in composite materials to enhance strength and conductivity in aerospace and automotive industries. Utilized in energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors to improve electrode performance. Also researched for use in solar cells to enhance light absorption and conductivity. Employed in sensors for detecting gases, biomolecules, and environmental pollutants due to high surface area and sensitivity. Used in biomedical applications such as drug delivery, imaging, and as sensors for biomolecules. Employed in filtration membranes for water purification and desalination.