Used in composite materials to enhance mechanical strength and electrical conductivity, especially in aerospace and automotive industries. Applied in electronics for conductive films, sensors, and transistors due to high electron mobility. Employed in energy storage devices like lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to improve electrode performance. Utilized in filtration and membrane technologies for water purification and gas separation. Investigated in biomedical fields for drug delivery, imaging, and cancer therapy. Also incorporated into coatings for anti-static and corrosion-resistant properties.