Used in traditional medicine for its cardiotonic effects, bufarenogin is known to influence heart muscle contraction by modulating ion transport across cell membranes. It has been studied for potential anti-cancer properties, particularly in inhibiting the growth of certain tumor cells. Research also explores its role as a neuroactive agent due to its ability to interact with neuronal receptors and ion channels. Due to its high toxicity, it is primarily used in controlled research settings rather than clinical applications.