Alsterpaullone is primarily used in biochemical research as a potent and selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). It is particularly valuable in studies focused on understanding cell cycle regulation and apoptosis, as it helps to elucidate the roles of specific CDKs in these processes. Additionally, it is utilized in cancer research to explore its potential as a therapeutic agent, given its ability to induce cell cycle arrest and promote cell death in certain cancer cell lines. Its application extends to neuroscience, where it is studied for its neuroprotective effects and potential in treating neurodegenerative diseases.