Used as a ceramic material in dental and medical implants due to its high strength, biocompatibility, and resistance to wear. Commonly applied in oxygen sensors and fuel cells because of its high ionic conductivity when doped. Serves as a refractory material in high-temperature applications such as furnace linings and crucibles. Employed as a pigment in paints and coatings for its opacity and heat resistance. Utilized in abrasives and cutting tools for its hardness and durability. Also used in the electronics industry as a dielectric material in capacitors and gate insulators.