Used as a high-performance ceramic in dental and medical implants due to its strength, biocompatibility, and resistance to wear. Commonly applied in oxygen sensors and fuel cell membranes because of its ability to conduct oxygen ions at elevated temperatures. Employed as a refractory material in furnace linings and foundry sands owing to its high melting point and chemical stability. Utilized in abrasives, pigments, and coatings for its hardness and opacity. Also serves as a catalyst support and in nuclear applications due to its neutron absorption properties.