Used as a blue pigment in ceramics and glass due to its excellent color stability and resistance to high temperatures. Commonly applied in glazes and enamels where strong, durable color is required. Also utilized as a catalyst in chemical reactions, particularly in processes involving oxidation, due to its thermal stability and active surface properties. Shows potential in environmental applications such as the removal of sulfur compounds from fuels. Its stability under harsh conditions makes it suitable for use in advanced materials and coatings exposed to extreme environments.