Used as a pigment in ceramics and glass manufacturing due to its stability at high temperatures and ability to produce reddish-brown to brown shades. Commonly applied in architectural glass, tiles, and sanitaryware for decorative and functional coloring. Also utilized in electronic materials for its magnetic and semiconducting properties, particularly in ferrites for inductors, transformers, and electromagnetic interference suppression. Shows potential in catalysis, especially in reactions involving oxidation and reduction processes. Investigated for use in biomedical applications such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents and targeted drug delivery due to its biocompatibility and magnetic characteristics. Employed in corrosion-resistant coatings when incorporated into paints and primers, especially for metal surfaces exposed to harsh environments.