Used primarily as a precursor in sol-gel processes for producing zirconia-based coatings and thin films. It is effective in creating wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, and thermally stable surfaces on metals and ceramics. Commonly applied in optical coatings due to its high refractive index and transparency. Also utilized in the formulation of catalysts and as a crosslinking agent in specialty resins and adhesives. Its reactivity with moisture makes it suitable for in-situ formation of zirconium oxide networks in coatings and composites.