Used as a precursor in sol-gel processes to produce zirconia-based coatings and thin films, which are applied in optical components, corrosion-resistant layers, and catalytic surfaces. Commonly employed in the synthesis of nanomaterials and mixed metal oxides due to its reactivity with various metal alkoxides. Serves as a crosslinking agent in specialty coatings and adhesives, enhancing thermal and chemical stability. Also utilized in the fabrication of ceramic membranes and sensors where controlled porosity and high surface area are required.