Widely used in biological and biochemical research to maintain stable pH in experiments. Commonly applied in cell culture, protein electrophoresis (such as SDS-PAGE), and nucleic acid purification due to its effective buffering range near physiological pH. Frequently found in solutions like TAE and TBE buffers for DNA and RNA electrophoresis. Also used in pharmaceutical formulations and as a component in some diagnostic reagents. Its low toxicity and good solubility make it suitable for in vivo applications and enzyme assays.