Used as a buffering agent in biological and biochemical research to maintain stable pH levels in solutions, particularly in electrophoresis and chromatography. It is also employed in the formulation of vaccines and pharmaceuticals to stabilize active ingredients. In molecular biology, it aids in the preparation of DNA and RNA extraction buffers. Additionally, it is utilized in cosmetics and personal care products to adjust pH and enhance stability. Its ability to neutralize acids makes it suitable for use in industrial cleaning agents and as a component in adhesives and coatings.