Titration Procedure

1. Prepare the Sample:

   • Pipette a known volume of the NaOH solution (typically 10-50 mL) into a clean beaker or flask.
   • Dilute with distilled water if necessary to ensure the titrant will have a measurable effect.

2. Add Indicator (if using a visual endpoint):

   • Add 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein to the NaOH solution. The solution will appear pink due to the basic pH.

3. Fill the Burette with Standard HCl Solution:

   • Carefully fill the burette with the standard HCl solution, making sure to remove any air bubbles from the nozzle.
   • Record the initial volume of HCl in the burette.

4. Titrate the NaOH Solution:

   • Gradually add the HCl from the burette to the NaOH solution while stirring continuously.
   • If using phenolphthalein, the endpoint is reached when the pink color disappears, indicating neutralization (pH ~7).
   • If using a pH meter, monitor the pH and stop the titration when you reach a pH of 7.