S-Propyl-2-thiobarbituric acid is primarily utilized in biochemical research as a reagent for the detection and quantification of lipid peroxidation. It reacts with malondialdehyde, a byproduct of lipid peroxidation, to form a colored complex that can be measured spectrophotometrically. This application is crucial in studies related to oxidative stress, where lipid peroxidation is a key indicator of cellular damage. Additionally, it is employed in the assessment of antioxidant efficacy, helping researchers evaluate the protective effects of various compounds against oxidative damage in biological systems. Its role in these analytical procedures makes it a valuable tool in understanding the mechanisms of oxidative stress-related diseases and in the development of therapeutic strategies.