Used extensively in organic electronics due to its high electrical conductivity and transparency. Commonly applied as a hole transport layer in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs). Also utilized in antistatic coatings for electronic displays and touchscreens. Its biocompatibility makes it suitable for biosensors and neural interface devices. Additionally, it is employed in electrochromic devices for smart windows and mirrors.