Used as a catalyst in organic synthesis, particularly in coupling reactions such as C–N, C–O, and C–S bond formations. It is effective in promoting Ullmann-type reactions and other transformations involving aryl halides. The benzene complex enhances solubility in organic solvents, improving catalytic efficiency. Also employed in materials science for synthesizing conjugated compounds and in pharmaceutical intermediates where selective bond formation is required. Stable under inert conditions, it offers good turnover in catalytic cycles when handled properly.