Used as a pigment in ceramics and glass manufacturing due to its ability to produce stable, heat-resistant colors. It is particularly valued in high-temperature applications where color retention is critical. Also investigated for use in electrochromic materials, which change color in response to an electrical current, making it suitable for smart windows and display technologies. Shows potential in catalytic applications, especially in oxidation reactions, owing to its mixed-metal oxide structure. Additionally, explored in the development of conductive coatings and functional materials for sensors.