Echinomycin is primarily used in research settings to study its effects on DNA. It functions as a potent inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) activity, making it valuable in cancer research. By binding to DNA and preventing transcription factors from accessing it, echinomycin helps researchers understand cellular responses to low oxygen conditions, which are often seen in tumor environments. Additionally, it has been explored for its potential to inhibit the growth of certain cancer cells, particularly those that are resistant to conventional treatments. Its role in modulating gene expression under hypoxic conditions also contributes to studies in molecular biology and genetics.