HPI-1 is primarily utilized in biochemical research as a selective inhibitor of the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). This enzyme plays a critical role in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, which is essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. By inhibiting DHODH, HPI-1 is used to study cellular processes related to nucleotide metabolism, particularly in contexts such as cancer research, where rapidly dividing cells rely heavily on this pathway. Additionally, it serves as a tool to investigate the effects of pyrimidine depletion on cell proliferation, immune response, and mitochondrial function. Its application extends to exploring potential therapeutic strategies for diseases characterized by abnormal cell growth or immune dysregulation.