SCH 529074 is primarily used in research settings as a selective inhibitor of the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1). This enzyme plays a critical role in the regulation of cortisol levels within tissues, particularly in the liver and adipose tissue. By inhibiting 11β-HSD1, SCH 529074 helps researchers study the effects of reduced intracellular cortisol on metabolic processes, such as glucose regulation and lipid metabolism. This makes it a valuable tool in investigating conditions like metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Additionally, it has been utilized in preclinical studies to explore potential therapeutic strategies for diseases associated with glucocorticoid dysregulation. Its specificity and potency make it a key compound for understanding the role of 11β-HSD1 in physiology and pathology.