Bilirubin is primarily used in medical diagnostics to assess liver function and monitor conditions such as jaundice, hepatitis, and cirrhosis. It serves as a key biomarker in blood tests to evaluate the efficiency of the liver in processing and excreting waste products. Elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood often indicate liver dysfunction or bile duct obstruction. Additionally, bilirubin has shown potential in research related to its antioxidant properties, which may play a role in protecting cells from oxidative stress and inflammation. In some studies, it is being explored for its therapeutic effects in conditions like cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. Bilirubin is also utilized in laboratory settings for the calibration of diagnostic equipment and as a reagent in biochemical assays.