Dutogliptin is primarily used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It functions as a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, which helps regulate blood sugar levels by increasing the release of insulin and decreasing the production of glucagon. This makes it effective in managing hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. It is often prescribed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes diet and exercise. Additionally, it is sometimes used in combination with other antidiabetic medications to enhance glycemic control. Its role in improving insulin sensitivity and reducing blood glucose spikes makes it a valuable option for long-term diabetes management.