RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride is primarily utilized in research settings for its role as a selective inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4). This enzyme plays a significant role in glucose metabolism, making the compound of interest in studies related to type 2 diabetes. By inhibiting DPP-4, it helps enhance the activity of incretin hormones, which are crucial for regulating blood sugar levels. Researchers use this compound to explore potential therapeutic strategies for managing diabetes and understanding the underlying mechanisms of glucose homeostasis. Additionally, it serves as a valuable tool in pharmacological studies aimed at developing new treatments for metabolic disorders. Its application extends to preclinical investigations, where it aids in evaluating the efficacy and safety of DPP-4 inhibitors in animal models.