Used in solid-state electrolytes for advanced battery technologies due to its high ionic conductivity and stability. Also applied in photocatalysis for water splitting and degradation of organic pollutants under UV or visible light. Serves as a functional material in sensors, particularly for detecting gases like CO2 and NOx. Investigated for use in dielectric materials and capacitors owing to favorable electrical properties. Shows potential in electrochromic devices and oxide-ion conducting ceramics for fuel cell components.