Agarose is widely used in molecular biology for gel electrophoresis, a technique that separates DNA, RNA, and proteins based on their size. It forms a porous gel matrix when dissolved in water and allowed to cool, allowing molecules to migrate through it under an electric field. Smaller molecules move faster, while larger ones move slower, enabling scientists to analyze and purify nucleic acids. Agarose gels are also used in techniques like Southern blotting and Northern blotting for detecting specific DNA or RNA sequences. Additionally, it is employed in chromatography for protein purification and in microbiology for culturing certain microorganisms. Its biocompatibility and non-toxic nature make it suitable for various biomedical applications, including drug delivery systems and tissue engineering scaffolds.