Agarose is widely used in molecular biology for gel electrophoresis, a technique that separates DNA, RNA, or proteins based on their size. It forms a porous matrix when dissolved in water and solidified, allowing molecules to migrate through the gel under an electric field. This makes it essential for analyzing nucleic acids, such as determining the size of DNA fragments or purifying specific sequences. Agarose gels are also used in techniques like Southern blotting and Northern blotting. Additionally, agarose is employed in chromatography for protein purification and in cell culture as a medium for 3D cell growth. Its biocompatibility and low toxicity make it suitable for various biomedical applications.