Sparsentan is a dual endothelin and angiotensin II receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of adults with primary immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) at risk of rapid disease progression. It works by blocking both the endothelin and angiotensin II pathways, which contribute to kidney damage, thereby reducing proteinuria and slowing the decline in kidney function. While it has been studied for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD), its current primary indication is IgAN, providing a novel dual-mechanism approach to managing this condition and potentially preventing progression to kidney failure.