Molibresib besylate is primarily used in the field of oncology as a targeted therapy for certain types of cancers. It functions as a bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) inhibitor, which means it interferes with the proteins that play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression, particularly those involved in cancer cell growth and survival. This makes it a potential treatment option for hematologic malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelofibrosis. Additionally, it is being investigated for its efficacy in solid tumors, where it may help in reducing tumor growth and improving patient outcomes. The compound is often utilized in clinical trials to assess its safety, tolerability, and effectiveness in various cancer types, offering hope for more personalized and effective cancer treatments.