RG7112 is primarily investigated for its potential in cancer treatment, particularly in targeting tumors that rely on the MDM2-p53 pathway. It works by inhibiting MDM2, a protein that suppresses the tumor suppressor p53, thereby reactivating p53 to induce cancer cell death. This makes it a promising candidate for treating cancers with wild-type p53, such as certain types of sarcomas, leukemias, and solid tumors. Research has focused on its use in combination therapies to enhance efficacy and overcome resistance in various cancer models. Clinical trials have explored its safety, tolerability, and therapeutic potential, though further studies are needed to fully establish its role in oncology.