TH287 hydrochloride is primarily utilized in the field of cancer research and therapy development. It functions as a potent inhibitor of MTH1, an enzyme that plays a critical role in DNA repair mechanisms. By inhibiting MTH1, this compound disrupts the ability of cancer cells to repair oxidative DNA damage, leading to the accumulation of mutations and ultimately inducing cell death. This makes it a promising candidate for studying novel cancer treatments, particularly in tumors that are resistant to conventional therapies. Researchers are exploring its potential in combination with other anticancer agents to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, it serves as a valuable tool in understanding the role of MTH1 in cellular processes and its implications in cancer biology.