UNC 0631 is primarily used in research settings as a potent and selective inhibitor of the histone methyltransferase G9a. It is employed to study the role of G9a in epigenetic regulation, particularly in understanding its impact on gene expression and chromatin structure. Researchers utilize UNC 0631 to investigate its effects on cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, especially in the context of cancer and other diseases linked to epigenetic dysregulation. Its application also extends to exploring potential therapeutic strategies targeting G9a activity in various pathological conditions.