Used in biochemical assays to detect and quantify β-glucuronidase enzyme activity, commonly employed in gene expression studies where the GUS reporter gene is present. Enables visualization of enzyme localization in tissues or cells through colorimetric, fluorescent, or luminescent signals. Widely applied in plant molecular biology, microbiology, and genetic engineering research to monitor promoter activity and transformation efficiency. Also utilized in diagnostic applications for detecting bacterial contamination, as certain bacteria produce β-glucuronidase.