Piperazine Erastin is a research compound that inhibits the cystine/glutamate antiporter (system xc-), leading to depletion of antioxidants like glutathione and induction of ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. It is primarily utilized in research settings to study ferroptosis, with significant applications in understanding its mechanisms and role in various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Researchers use it to induce ferroptosis in cellular models, enabling the investigation of potential therapeutic targets and strategies to modulate this cell death pathway. Additionally, it aids in the development of compounds that can either inhibit or promote ferroptosis, offering insights into novel treatments for conditions where ferroptosis plays a critical role.