Ethidium bromide is widely used in molecular biology for staining nucleic acids, particularly in agarose gel electrophoresis. It intercalates between DNA base pairs, allowing for the visualization of DNA bands under UV light. This application is crucial for analyzing DNA fragments, verifying PCR products, and assessing DNA integrity. Additionally, it is employed in fluorescence microscopy to study chromosome structures and in flow cytometry for DNA content analysis. However, due to its mutagenic properties, safer alternatives like SYBR Green are increasingly preferred. Proper handling and disposal protocols are essential when using ethidium bromide to minimize health and environmental risks.