Used primarily in organic synthesis as versatile building blocks for introducing perfluoroalkyl groups into molecules. Their reactivity allows for carbon-carbon bond formation under transition metal catalysis or radical conditions, making them valuable in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Commonly employed in the preparation of fluorinated compounds with enhanced metabolic stability, lipophilicity, and bioavailability. Also applied in materials science for modifying surface properties, such as increasing hydrophobicity and oleophobicity in coatings and polymers. Their unique electronic and steric characteristics support use in specialty fluorochemical synthesis, including surfactants and functional fluids.